# MotoSpecsLab — Complete OEM Motorcycle Fluid, Tire Pressure & Consumable Corpus
Last Verified: 2026-11-02 | Publisher: Campdal Studio (https://motospecslab.com) | License: CC BY 4.0

## Summary Table (33 OEM-Verified Flagship Motorcycles)
| Make & Model | Years | Chassis | Oil w/ Filter (Drain) | Oil Grade & JASO | Cold Tire F / R (Solo) | OEM Spark Plug | Battery | Seat / Wet Weight | URL |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Honda PCX 125 (eSP+ JK05) (PCX 125 (eSP+ JK05)) | 2021–Present | JK05/WW125A | 0.85 L (0.90 US qt) (0.8 L) | SAE 10W-30 JASO MB | 29 / 33 PSI (200/225 kPa) | NGK LMAR8L-9 ×1 | GTZ8V / YTZ8V | 764 mm / 133 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/honda-pcx-125/ |
| Honda Forza 350 (NSS350) (포르자 350 (NSS350)) | 2021–Present | NF10/NF12/NSS350A | 1.5 L (1.59 US qt) (1.3 L) | SAE 10W-30 JASO MB | 29 / 33 PSI (200/225 kPa) | NGK LMAR8L-9 ×1 | YTZ10S / FTZ10S | 780 mm / 184 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/honda-forza-350/ |
| Honda ADV 350 (ADV 350) | 2022–Present | NF13/ADV350A | 1.5 L (1.59 US qt) (1.3 L) | SAE 10W-30 JASO MB | 29 / 33 PSI (200/225 kPa) | NGK LMAR8L-9 ×1 | YTZ10S / FTZ10S | 795 mm / 186 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/honda-adv-350/ |
| Yamaha NMAX 125 (Blue Core VVA) (NMAX 125 (엔맥스 125)) | 2021–Present | SEG6/GPD125-A/BAL | 0.95 L (1.00 US qt) (0.9 L) | SAE 10W-40 JASO MA OR MB | 29 / 33 PSI (200/225 kPa) | NGK CPR8EA-9 ×1 | YTZ7V | 765 mm / 131 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/yamaha-nmax-125/ |
| Yamaha NMAX 155 (GPD155-A) (NMAX 155 (엔맥스 155)) | 2020–Present | SG65/GPD155-A/B6H | 0.95 L (1.00 US qt) (0.9 L) | SAE 10W-40 JASO MA OR MB | 29 / 33 PSI (200/225 kPa) | NGK CPR8EA-9 ×1 | YTZ7V | 765 mm / 132 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/yamaha-nmax-155/ |
| Yamaha XMAX 300 (CZD300-A) (XMAX 300 (엑스맥스 300)) | 2017–Present | CZD300-A/SH12/SH20 | 1.6 L (1.69 US qt) (1.5 L) | SAE 10W-40 JASO MA OR MB | 29 / 33 PSI (200/225 kPa) | NGK LMAR8A-9 ×1 | GTZ8V / YTZ8V | 795 mm / 183 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/yamaha-xmax-300/ |
| Yamaha TMAX 560 / Tech MAX (XP560) (TMAX 560 / 테크맥스 (티맥스 560)) | 2020–Present | SJ18/SJ21/XP560D | 2.9 L (3.06 US qt) (2.6 L) | SAE 10W-40 JASO MA | 33 / 36 PSI (225/250 kPa) | NGK LMAR7G ×2 | YTZ12S | 800 mm / 220 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/yamaha-tmax-560/ |
| Honda Super Cub 110 (JA59) (슈퍼커브 110 (JA59)) | 2022–Present | JA59 | 0.85 L (0.90 US qt) (0.8 L) | SAE 10W-30 JASO MA | 29 / 33 PSI (200/225 kPa) | NGK CPR8EA-9S ×1 | YTZ4V / YTZ5S | 738 mm / 101 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/honda-super-cub-110/ |
| Vespa GTS 300 HPE / SuperTech (GTS 300 HPE / 슈퍼테크) | 2019–Present | ZAPMA36/ZAPMD31 | 1.3 L (1.37 US qt) (1.15 L) | SAE 5W-40 JASO MA OR MB | 26 / 29 PSI (180/200 kPa) | NGK CR8EKB ×1 | YTX12-BS / YB10L-BP | 790 mm / 160 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/vespa-gts-300/ |
| Yamaha YZF-R3 / MT-03 (YZF-R3 (알쓰리)) | 2019–Present | RH12/B7P/B5L | 2.1 L (2.22 US qt) (1.8 L) | SAE 10W-40 JASO MA2 | 29 / 36 PSI (200/250 kPa) | NGK LMAR8A-9 ×2 | YTZ8V | 780 mm / 169 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r3/ |
| Kawasaki Ninja 500 / Z500 (EX500G) (닌자 500 (EX500G)) | 2024–Present | EX500G/EX500H/ER500E | 2 L (2.11 US qt) (1.6 L) | SAE 10W-40 JASO MA2 | 29 / 33 PSI (200/225 kPa) | NGK LMAR9G ×2 | YTZ10S / YTX9-BS | 785 mm / 171 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-500/ |
| KTM 390 Duke (LC4c) (390 듀크) | 2017–Present | 938/948 (LC4c) | 1.7 L (1.80 US qt) (1.5 L) | SAE 15W-50 JASO MA2 | 29 / 29 PSI (200/200 kPa) | NGK LKAR8AI-9 ×1 | YTX9-BS / ETZ9-BS | 820 mm / 165 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/ktm-390-duke/ |
| Honda CB650R / CBR650R (E-Clutch) (CB650R / CBR650R (네오 스포츠 카페)) | 2019–Present | RH02/RH15 | 2.6 L (2.75 US qt) (2.3 L) | SAE 10W-30 JASO MA | 36 / 42 PSI (250/290 kPa) | NGK IMR9E-9HES ×4 | YTZ10S / FTZ10S | 810 mm / 205 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/honda-cb650r/ |
| Yamaha MT-07 / YZF-R7 (CP2) (MT-07 (엠티07)) | 2018–Present | RM33/RM48 | 2.6 L (2.75 US qt) (2.3 L) | SAE 10W-40 JASO MA2 | 33 / 36 PSI (225/250 kPa) | NGK LMAR8A-9 ×2 | YTZ10S | 805 mm / 184 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/yamaha-mt-07/ |
| Suzuki GSX-8R / GSX-8S (GSX-8R / GSX-8S) | 2023–Present | EM1/GSX800R | 3.5 L (3.70 US qt) (3 L) | SAE 10W-40 JASO MA2 | 36 / 36 PSI (250/250 kPa) | NGK LMAR8BI-9 ×2 | FTZ10S / YTZ10S | 810 mm / 205 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gsx-8r/ |
| Yamaha MT-09 / SP (CP3 890cc) (MT-09 / SP (엠티09)) | 2021–Present | RN69/RN87 | 3.2 L (3.38 US qt) (2.8 L) | SAE 10W-40 JASO MA2 | 36 / 42 PSI (250/290 kPa) | NGK LMAR9A-9 ×3 | YTZ10S | 825 mm / 193 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/yamaha-mt-09/ |
| BMW S 1000 RR (K67 ShiftCam) (S 1000 RR (알천알알)) | 2019–Present | K67/0E21/0E61 | 4 L (4.23 US qt) (3.6 L) | SAE 5W-40 JASO MA2 | 36 / 42 PSI (250/290 kPa) | NGK LMAR9D-J ×4 | M Lightweight LiFePO4 / YTZ10S | 824 mm / 197 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/bmw-s-1000-rr/ |
| Suzuki Hayabusa (GSX1300R Gen 3) (하야부사 3세대 (GSX1300R)) | 2021–Present | EJ11A/GSX1300RRQ | 3.4 L (3.59 US qt) (3.2 L) | SAE 10W-40 JASO MA2 | 42 / 42 PSI (290/290 kPa) | NGK SILMAR9B9 ×4 | FTX12-BS / YTX12-BS | 800 mm / 264 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/suzuki-hayabusa/ |
| Honda CT125 Hunter Cub / Trail 125 (JA65) (CT125 헌터커브 (JA65)) | 2023–Present | JA65 | 0.85 L (0.90 US qt) (0.8 L) | SAE 10W-30 JASO MA | 25 / 33 PSI (175/225 kPa) | NGK CPR7EA-9S ×1 | YTZ5S | 800 mm / 118 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/honda-ct125-hunter-cub/ |
| Honda CRF300L / CRF300 Rally (ND16) (CRF300L / 랠리) | 2021–Present | ND16 | 1.5 L (1.59 US qt) (1.4 L) | SAE 10W-30 JASO MA | 22 / 22 PSI (150/150 kPa) | NGK SIMR8A9 ×1 | YTZ8V | 880 mm / 142 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/honda-crf300l/ |
| Royal Enfield Himalayan 450 (Sherpa 452) (히말라얀 450 (셰르파 452)) | 2024–Present | Sherpa 452/K1G | 2.1 L (2.22 US qt) (1.95 L) | SAE 10W-40 JASO MA2 | 32 / 32 PSI (220/220 kPa) | Bosch YR7MES / Champion RER6YCA ×1 | YTX9-BS / 12V 8Ah VRLA | 825 mm / 196 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/royal-enfield-himalayan-450/ |
| Yamaha Ténéré 700 (XTZ690 CP2) (테네레 700 (XTZ690)) | 2019–Present | DM07/DM11/XTZ690 | 2.6 L (2.75 US qt) (2.3 L) | SAE 10W-40 JASO MA2 | 32 / 36 PSI (220/250 kPa) | NGK LMAR8A-9 ×2 | YTZ10S | 875 mm / 205 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/yamaha-tenere-700/ |
| Honda X-ADV 750 (RH10 DCT) (X-ADV 750 (엑스에이디브이)) | 2021–Present | RH10/RH21 | 3.4 L (3.59 US qt) (3.2 L) | SAE 10W-30 JASO MA | 36 / 41 PSI (250/280 kPa) | NGK IFR6G-11K ×2 | YTZ14S | 820 mm / 236 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/honda-x-adv-750/ |
| Suzuki V-Strom 800DE / 800 (DL800DE) (브이스트롬 800DE) | 2023–Present | DL800DE/EM2 | 3.9 L (4.12 US qt) (3.5 L) | SAE 10W-40 JASO MA2 | 33 / 36 PSI (225/250 kPa) | NGK LMAR8BI-9 ×2 | FTX12-BS / YTX12-BS | 855 mm / 230 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-800de/ |
| BMW R 1300 GS / GS Adventure (KA1) (R 1300 GS (알천삼백GS)) | 2024–Present | KA1/0M21/KA2 (GSA) | 5 L (5.28 US qt) (4.5 L) | SAE 5W-40 JASO MA2 | 36 / 42 PSI (250/290 kPa) | NGK LMAR8AI-10 ×2 | BMW 12V 10Ah LiFePO4 (GSA: 12V 14Ah AGM) | 850 mm / 237 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-1300-gs/ |
| Honda Super Cub C125 (JA58 / JA71) (슈퍼커브 C125 (JA58)) | 2022–Present | JA58/JA71 | 0.85 L (0.90 US qt) (0.8 L) | SAE 10W-30 JASO MA | 29 / 33 PSI (200/225 kPa) | NGK CPR7EA-9S ×1 | YTZ5S | 780 mm / 110 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/honda-super-cub-c125/ |
| Royal Enfield Classic 350 / Meteor 350 (J-Series) (클래식 350 (J-시리즈)) | 2022–Present | J1A/J-Series | 1.7 L (1.80 US qt) (1.6 L) | SAE 15W-50 JASO MA2 | 32 / 32 PSI (220/220 kPa) | Bosch YR7MES ×1 | YTX9-BS / 12V 8Ah VRLA | 805 mm / 195 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/royal-enfield-classic-350/ |
| Honda Rebel 500 (CMX500) (레블 500 (CMX500)) | 2017–Present | PC60/CMX500A | 2.7 L (2.85 US qt) (2.5 L) | SAE 10W-30 JASO MA | 29 / 29 PSI (200/200 kPa) | NGK CPR8EA-9 ×2 | YTZ8V | 690 mm / 191 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/honda-rebel-500/ |
| Ducati Scrambler Icon / Full Throttle (803cc) (스크램블러 아이콘 800 (2세대)) | 2015–Present | KA/KC/Next-Gen 2G (2023+) | 3.4 L (3.59 US qt) (3.1 L) | SAE 15W-50 JASO MA2 | 36 / 36 PSI (250/250 kPa) | NGK DCPR8E ×2 | YT12B-BS | 795 mm / 185 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/ducati-scrambler-icon/ |
| Kawasaki Z900RS / Z900RS SE (ZR900) (Z900RS / SE) | 2018–Present | ZR900C/ZR900K | 3.8 L (4.02 US qt) (3.3 L) | SAE 10W-40 JASO MA2 | 36 / 42 PSI (250/290 kPa) | NGK CR9EIA-9 ×4 | YTZ10S / YTX9-BS | 835 mm / 215 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-z900rs/ |
| Honda Rebel 1100 / DCT / T (CMX1100) (레블 1100 / DCT (CMX1100)) | 2021–Present | SC83/CMX1100A (MT)/CMX1100D (DCT) | 4.2 L (4.44 US qt) (3.7 L) | SAE 10W-30 JASO MA | 33 / 33 PSI (225/225 kPa) | NGK SILMAR8A9S ×4 | YTZ14S | 700 mm / 233 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/honda-rebel-1100/ |
| Triumph Bonneville T120 / Black (1200 HT) (본네빌 T120 / 블랙) | 2016–Present | DU01/DU04 | 3.4 L (3.59 US qt) (3.2 L) | SAE 10W-40 JASO MA2 | 32 / 36 PSI (220/250 kPa) | NGK LMAR8A-9 ×2 | YTX12-BS | 790 mm / 236 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/triumph-bonneville-t120/ |
| Harley-Davidson Sportster S (RH1250S Revolution Max) (스포스터 S (RH1250S)) | 2021–Present | RH1250S | 4.5 L (4.76 US qt) (4 L) | SAE 15W-50 JASO MA2 | 36 / 42 PSI (250/290 kPa) | HD 31600190 (Dual-Plug DOHC) ×4 | HD 66000340 AGM | 755 mm / 228 kg | https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/harley-sportster-s/ |

## Detailed Model Notes & Korean Colloquial Aliases
### Honda PCX 125 (eSP+ JK05) / 혼다 PCX 125 (eSP+ JK05)
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/honda-pcx-125/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/honda-pcx-125/
- Aliases: 피씨엑스 125, 혼다 PCX, PCX JK05, 신형 PCX 125, Honda PCX125, PCX 125 JK05, WW125
- Clutch & Oil Note: Because the PCX 125 uses a dry centrifugal clutch isolated from the crankcase, Honda specifies low-friction SAE 10W-30 JASO MB oil for optimal fuel economy. It has no replaceable paper oil filter—only a cleanable mesh screen—so pouring a full 1.0 L bottle overfills the 0.80 L sump.
- Generation Cutoffs: From 2021 onward (chassis JK05), the PCX 125 switched to the 4-valve eSP+ engine and a wider 13-inch rear wheel (130/70-13). Earlier 2018–2020 JF81 2-valve models use an NGK CPR7EA-9 plug and 14-inch rear tire.

### Honda Forza 350 (NSS350) / 혼다 포르자 350 (NSS350)
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/honda-forza-350/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/honda-forza-350/
- Aliases: 포르자350, 혼다 포르자, NSS350, 신형 포르자, Honda NSS350, Forza350, NSS 350A
- Clutch & Oil Note: Unlike the wet-clutch X-ADV 750 or TMAX 560, the Forza 350 uses a dry centrifugal CVT clutch and explicitly calls for SAE 10W-30 JASO MB scooter oil, plus an automotive-style spin-on oil filter cartridge (HF204 / 15410-MCJ-000).
- Generation Cutoffs: In 2021, the Forza 350 (NF10) replaced the 279cc Forza 300 (NF08), introducing the 330cc eSP+ engine with an external spin-on oil filter. The 2023–2025 NF12 facelift adds TFT instrumentation while keeping identical fluid and consumable specs.

### Honda ADV 350 / 혼다 ADV 350
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/honda-adv-350/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/honda-adv-350/
- Aliases: 혼다 ADV350, 에이디브이 350, 어드벤처 스쿠터 350, Honda ADV350, ADV350A
- Clutch & Oil Note: Do not confuse the ADV 350’s powertrain with the X-ADV 750! While the X-ADV 750 uses a wet-clutch DCT requiring JASO MA oil, the ADV 350 runs Forza’s dry centrifugal CVT and explicitly specifies SAE 10W-30 JASO MB in the Honda Owner’s Manual.
- Generation Cutoffs: Introduced in 2022 on the NF13 chassis, the ADV 350 gained preload-adjustable remote-reservoir rear shocks and a 5-inch TFT display for 2025 while retaining identical eSP+ 330cc fluid and plug specs.

### Yamaha NMAX 125 (Blue Core VVA) / 야마하 NMAX 125 (엔맥스 125)
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-nmax-125/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/yamaha-nmax-125/
- Aliases: 엔맥스 125, 야마하 엔맥스, 신형 NMAX 125, Yamaha GPD125-A, NMAX125
- Clutch & Oil Note: Yamaha specifies SAE 10W-40 (JASO MB low-friction preferred, JASO MA compatible) to protect the high-rpm VVA solenoid cam lobes during sustained urban commuting.
- Generation Cutoffs: From 2021 (SEG6), the NMAX 125 gained Smart Key, TCS, and a larger 7.1 L tank. Always verify the stamped volume next to the final-drive fill cap (`150 cm³` on NMAX 125 vs `100 cm³` on NMAX 155).

### Yamaha NMAX 155 (GPD155-A) / 야마하 NMAX 155 (엔맥스 155)
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-nmax-155/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/yamaha-nmax-155/
- Aliases: 엔맥스 155, NMAX155, 야마하 155 스쿠터, Yamaha GPD155-A, NMAX155 SG65
- Clutch & Oil Note: Because the 155cc Blue Core engine works harder at highway speeds in a compact 131 kg chassis, a full-synthetic SAE 10W-40 JASO MB oil resists thermal shear best.
- Generation Cutoffs: Gen 2 (2020+ SG65/B6H) NMAX 155 models take 0.90 L engine oil (1.00 L overhaul) and reduced final-drive gear oil capacity from 150 ml down to 100 ml (`0.10L` stamped on the gearcase).

### Yamaha XMAX 300 (CZD300-A) / 야마하 XMAX 300 (엑스맥스 300)
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-xmax-300/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/yamaha-xmax-300/
- Aliases: 엑스맥스 300, 야마하 XMAX, 신형 엑스맥스, XMAX Tech MAX, Yamaha CZD300, XMAX300 Tech MAX
- Clutch & Oil Note: Unlike the Forza 350’s spin-on canister, the XMAX 300 uses a recessed internal paper filter element (HF141). Ensure the preload spring sits behind the filter cap in the correct orientation and torque the 3 cap bolts evenly to 10 N·m.
- Generation Cutoffs: Both the 2017–2022 (SH12) and 2023+ X-headlight Tech MAX (SH20) generations share the exact same 292cc Blue Core engine, internal paper oil filter (1S7-E3440-00 / HF141), 1.5 L / 1.6 L oil volume, and 200 ml final gear oil.

### Yamaha TMAX 560 / Tech MAX (XP560) / 야마하 TMAX 560 / 테크맥스 (티맥스 560)
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-tmax-560/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/yamaha-tmax-560/
- Aliases: 티맥스 560, 티맥스 테크맥스, 야마하 TMAX, XP560, Yamaha XP560, TMAX560 Tech MAX
- Clutch & Oil Note: CRITICAL CLUTCH WARNING: Despite being an automatic maxi-scooter, the TMAX 560 uses an oil-bathed wet multi-plate clutch! Never pour JASO MB scooter oil or automotive "Energy Conserving" oil into a TMAX—always use JASO MA or JASO MA2 motorcycle oil to prevent severe clutch slippage.
- Generation Cutoffs: Both Gen 7 (2020–2021 SJ18) and Gen 8 (2022+ SJ21 with TFT & SpinForged wheels) use the 562cc parallel-twin engine requiring 2.6 L / 2.9 L of JASO MA oil and two NGK LMAR7G plugs.

### Honda Super Cub 110 (JA59) / 혼다 슈퍼커브 110 (JA59)
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/honda-super-cub-110/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/honda-super-cub-110/
- Aliases: 슈퍼커브, 혼다 슈퍼커브 110, 커브 110, 신형 슈퍼커브 JA59, Honda Super Cub 110 JA59, Cub 110 ABS
- Clutch & Oil Note: Even though there is no hand clutch lever, the Super Cub 110 uses a wet automatic centrifugal clutch and 4-speed gearbox sharing engine oil. Always use JASO MA / MA2 oil—never JASO MB scooter oil.
- Generation Cutoffs: The 2022+ JA59 generation introduced cast tubeless wheels, front disc ABS, and a replaceable paper oil filter element (15412-MGS-D21). Earlier 2018–2021 JA44 spoke-wheel models had no cartridge filter.

### Vespa GTS 300 HPE / SuperTech / 베스파 GTS 300 HPE / 슈퍼테크
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/vespa-gts-300/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/vespa-gts-300/
- Aliases: 베스파 GTS 300, 베스파 300, GTS300, 베스파 슈퍼테크, 베스파 HPE, Piaggio Vespa GTS 300 HPE, GTS Super 300
- Clutch & Oil Note: Two crucial differences from Japanese scooters: Piaggio specifies 100% synthetic SAE 5W-40 (API SN / JASO MA), AND the Vespa GTS 300 oil dipstick MUST be screwed all the way in to measure the oil level accurately!
- Generation Cutoffs: The 2019 HPE update (ZAPMA36) redesigned the cylinder head and piston over the older Quasar 300, followed by the 2023+ keyless chassis update (ZAPMD31). Both HPE series require strict 5W-40 full-synthetic oil checks.

### Yamaha YZF-R3 / MT-03 / 야마하 YZF-R3 (알쓰리)
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r3/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r3/
- Aliases: 알쓰리, 야마하 R3, YZFR3, 엠티03 호환, Yamaha R3, YZFR3 RH12, MT-03 platform
- Clutch & Oil Note: Spinning past 12,000 rpm, the 321cc twin shears mineral oil quickly; full-synthetic SAE 10W-40 JASO MA2 keeps shift quality crisp. Shares identical fluid and filter specs with the Yamaha MT-03.
- Generation Cutoffs: 2019+ USD-fork models (RH12) use radial tires and long-reach NGK LMAR8A-9 spark plugs, whereas early 2015–2017 RH07 models used NGK CR8E plugs and bias-ply tires.

### Kawasaki Ninja 500 / Z500 (EX500G) / 가와사키 닌자 500 (EX500G)
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-500/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-500/
- Aliases: 가와사키 닌자500, 닌자 400 후속, Z500 호환, Kawasaki EX500G, Ninja 500 SE, Z500
- Clutch & Oil Note: Kawasaki’s light-pull Assist & Slipper clutch relies on crisp friction engagement; stick strictly to JASO MA2 SAE 10W-40 oil and proper clutch cable free play (2–3 mm at lever perch).
- Generation Cutoffs: Replacing the 399cc Ninja 400 (EX400G), the 451cc Ninja 500 strokes the parallel-twin by 6.8 mm for stronger mid-range torque (shared with Z500 and Eliminator 500) while keeping the same 2.0 L filter-change oil volume and HF303 filter.

### KTM 390 Duke (LC4c) / KTM 390 듀크
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/ktm-390-duke/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/ktm-390-duke/
- Aliases: 듀크 390, KTM 390듀크, 쿼터급 깡패, KTM Duke 390, 390 Duke Gen 3
- Clutch & Oil Note: High cylinder head temperatures in KTM’s big-bore single will shear thin 10W-30 oil; stick strictly to full-synthetic SAE 15W-50 JASO MA2 (Motorex Formula/Power Synt 4T spec) to protect cam followers and timing tensioner pressure.
- Generation Cutoffs: Both Gen 2 (2017–2023, 373cc) and Gen 3 (2024+ LC4c, 399cc) require full-synthetic SAE 15W-50 JASO MA2 oil and use a replaceable paper cartridge alongside cleanable mesh evacuate screens.

### Honda CB650R / CBR650R (E-Clutch) / 혼다 CB650R / CBR650R (네오 스포츠 카페)
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/honda-cb650r/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/honda-cb650r/
- Aliases: 혼다 CB650R, CBR650R, 육반, CB650R 이클러치, Honda CB650R E-Clutch, CBR650R RH02 RH15
- Clutch & Oil Note: Even on 2024+ E-Clutch models, dual electric actuators operate the standard wet multi-plate clutch pack inside the crankcase—meaning JASO MA / MA2 friction characteristics remain mandatory.
- Generation Cutoffs: Across 2019–2020, 2021–2023 Euro 5 (SFF-BP forks), and 2024+ E-Clutch (RH15) variants, CB650R and CBR650R share identical 2.3 L / 2.6 L oil volumes, 15410-MFJ-D01 spin-on filter, and four NGK IMR9E-9HES iridium plugs.

### Yamaha MT-07 / YZF-R7 (CP2) / 야마하 MT-07 (엠티07)
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-mt-07/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/yamaha-mt-07/
- Aliases: 야마하 MT07, 엠티 공칠, CP2 엔진, YZF-R7 호환, Yamaha MT07, FZ-07, CP2 689cc
- Clutch & Oil Note: Notice Yamaha’s lighter 184 kg chassis uses 225 kPa (33 PSI) front / 250 kPa (36 PSI) rear—overinflating an MT-07 to sport-touring 36/42 PSI makes the rear shock feel harsh over expansion joints.
- Generation Cutoffs: From 2014 through the 2021 Euro 5 update and 2025 USD-fork generation, the bulletproof 689cc CP2 twin (also powering YZF-R7 and XSR700) keeps identical 2.3 L / 2.6 L oil volumes and 5GH-13440-80 spin-on filter.

### Suzuki GSX-8R / GSX-8S / 스즈키 GSX-8R / GSX-8S
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gsx-8r/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gsx-8r/
- Aliases: 스즈키 8R, GSX8R, GSX8S, Suzuki GSX8R, GSX-8S 776cc
- Clutch & Oil Note: THREAD PITCH WARNING: Suzuki spin-on filters (16510-07J00 / HF138) use an M20×1.0 fine thread—NOT the M20×1.5 thread used on Honda/Yamaha/Kawasaki HF204/HF303 filters! Never cross-fit filters across brands.
- Generation Cutoffs: Both the naked GSX-8S (2023+) and faired GSX-8R (2024+ with Showa SFF-BP forks) use Suzuki’s 776cc twin with identical 3.0 L / 3.5 L oil capacity and Suzuki-pitch spin-on filter (16510-07J00 / HF138).

### Yamaha MT-09 / SP (CP3 890cc) / 야마하 MT-09 / SP (엠티09)
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-mt-09/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/yamaha-mt-09/
- Aliases: 야마하 MT09, 엠티 공구, CP3 3기통, XSR900 호환, Yamaha MT09 RN69 RN87, FZ-09 CP3 890
- Clutch & Oil Note: Strong mid-range torque and bi-directional quickshifter cuts put heavy shear loads on gear dogs—full-synthetic SAE 10W-40 JASO MA2 keeps 2nd-to-3rd shifts silky.
- Generation Cutoffs: 2021+ 890cc Gen 3/Gen 4 models (RN69/RN87) increased oil capacity to 3.2 L with filter (2.8 L drain) and switched to three NGK LMAR9A-9 plugs, whereas 2014–2020 847cc models took 2.7 L with filter and CPR9EA-9 plugs.

### BMW S 1000 RR (K67 ShiftCam) / BMW S 1000 RR (알천알알)
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/bmw-s-1000-rr/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/bmw-s-1000-rr/
- Aliases: 알천알알, 스천알알, BMW S1000RR, K67 시프트캠, BMW S1000RR K67, S 1000 RR M Package
- Clutch & Oil Note: BMW strictly specifies SAE 5W-40 JASO MA2 (Advantec Pro) for instantaneous cold hydraulic tensioner & ShiftCam response, and explicitly prohibits molybdenum-based oil additives that attack DLC-coated valvetrain parts.
- Generation Cutoffs: K67 models (2019+) introduced ShiftCam variable intake timing, gaining winglets and 210 hp in 2023+ (0E61). M-Package bikes ship with a 200/55ZR17 rear tire and a LiFePO4 lithium battery.

### Suzuki Hayabusa (GSX1300R Gen 3) / 스즈키 하야부사 3세대 (GSX1300R)
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-hayabusa/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/suzuki-hayabusa/
- Aliases: 스즈키 하야부사, 부사 3세대, GSX1300R, Suzuki GSX1300RRQ, Gen 3 Hayabusa
- Clutch & Oil Note: Unlike lighter sportbikes that run 36 PSI up front, the 264 kg Hayabusa specifies **290 kPa (42 PSI) front AND 290 kPa (42 PSI) rear** cold, plus OEM W-index model-specific tires (e.g., Battlax S22 M-spec).
- Generation Cutoffs: Gen 3 (2021+ EJ11A) introduced ride-by-wire SDMS-α, Brembo Stylema calipers, revised crank oil galleries, and NGK SILMAR9B9 laser iridium plugs (replacing Gen 2’s CR9EIA-9).

### Honda CT125 Hunter Cub / Trail 125 (JA65) / 혼다 CT125 헌터커브 (JA65)
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/honda-ct125-hunter-cub/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/honda-ct125-hunter-cub/
- Aliases: 헌터커브, 혼다 CT125, 트레일 125, 캠핑 커브, Honda Trail 125 ABS, CT125 JA65
- Clutch & Oil Note: Slow technical trail climbing heats the wet centrifugal clutch heavily; use SAE 10W-30 JASO MA oil (never JASO MB scooter oil) at 0.85 L with filter change.
- Generation Cutoffs: From 2023 onward (JA65), Honda introduced the updated long-stroke engine with a replaceable paper cartridge oil filter (15412-MGS-D21). Earlier 2020–2022 JA55 models lack a paper oil filter.

### Honda CRF300L / CRF300 Rally (ND16) / 혼다 CRF300L / 랠리
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/honda-crf300l/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/honda-crf300l/
- Aliases: 혼다 CRF300L, CRF300 랠리, 임도 입문 바이크, Honda CRF300L ABS, CRF300LR Rally ND16
- Clutch & Oil Note: Factory cold tire pressure on the CRF300L is just **150 kPa (22 PSI) front and 150 kPa (22 PSI) rear** (175 kPa / 25 PSI rear loaded)—never inflate dual-sport 21/18 tube tires to street-bike 36 PSI.
- Generation Cutoffs: Replacing the CRF250L in 2021, the ND16 CRF300L gained a 286cc stroke and slipper clutch. Standard CRF300L carries a 7.8 L tank (142 kg), while the CRF300 Rally carries a 12.8 L tank (153 kg)—both share identical oil and plug specs.

### Royal Enfield Himalayan 450 (Sherpa 452) / 로얄엔필드 히말라얀 450 (셰르파 452)
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/royal-enfield-himalayan-450/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/royal-enfield-himalayan-450/
- Aliases: 신형 히말라얀 450, 로얄엔필드 히말라얀, 히말450, Royal Enfield New Himalayan 452, Sherpa 450
- Clutch & Oil Note: To maximize ground clearance, the Sherpa 452 engine uses a semi-dry-sump layout with two separate lower drain bolts/strainer screens; remove both to drain fully before refilling 2.1 L.
- Generation Cutoffs: Completely unrelated to the old air-cooled Himalayan 411 (which took 15W-50), the liquid-cooled Sherpa 450 specifies **SAE 10W-40 API SN JASO MA2** and requires its crucial first break-in service at **500 km (300 mi)**.

### Yamaha Ténéré 700 (XTZ690 CP2) / 야마하 테네레 700 (XTZ690)
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-tenere-700/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/yamaha-tenere-700/
- Aliases: 야마하 테네레700, T7, 테네레 CP2, Yamaha Tenere 700 T7, XTZ690 DM07
- Clutch & Oil Note: Heavy off-road clutch feathering introduces friction debris faster than highway cruising—halve the 10,000 km manual interval to 5,000 km with SAE 10W-40 or 10W-50 JASO MA2 synthetic if riding technical dirt.
- Generation Cutoffs: Across 2019–2022 LCD, 2023–2024 5-inch TFT, and 2025 YCC-T ride-by-wire updates, every Ténéré 700 shares the proven CP2 689cc engine (2.3 L / 2.6 L oil, HF204 filter). Only the World Raid trim carries dual 23 L tanks.

### Honda X-ADV 750 (RH10 DCT) / 혼다 X-ADV 750 (엑스에이디브이)
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/honda-x-adv-750/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/honda-x-adv-750/
- Aliases: 혼다 X-ADV, 엑드벤처, XADV 750, 크로스오버 어드벤처, Honda XADV 750 DCT, X-ADV RH10
- Clutch & Oil Note: NOT A CVT SCOOTER: The X-ADV 750 runs Honda’s 6-speed Dual Clutch Transmission bathed in engine oil + 520 chain final drive. NEVER use JASO MB scooter oil! Always use SAE 10W-30 JASO MA and remember there are TWO oil filters (main spin-on HF204 + right-side DCT clutch paper filter HF117).
- Generation Cutoffs: 2021+ Gen 2 (RH10) and 2025+ (RH21 with cruise control) take 3.2 L drain-only and **3.4 L when replacing BOTH the spin-on engine oil filter AND the small DCT clutch paper element**.

### Suzuki V-Strom 800DE / 800 (DL800DE) / 스즈키 브이스트롬 800DE
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-800de/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-800de/
- Aliases: 스즈키 브이스트롬 800, V스트롬 800DE, DL800DE, Suzuki DL800DE, VStrom 800DE
- Clutch & Oil Note: Buy **four 1-liter bottles** of SAE 10W-40 JASO MA2 oil for a filter service (3.9 L refill), and use only Suzuki M20×1.0 thread filters (16510-07J00 / HF138).
- Generation Cutoffs: Although sharing the 776cc engine with the GSX-8R (3.5 L), the V-Strom 800DE uses a deeper adventure oil pan requiring **3.9 L with filter (3.5 L drain)**! Note that the 21" spoke 800DE uses inner tubes, whereas the 19" cast-wheel V-Strom 800 is tubeless.

### BMW R 1300 GS / GS Adventure (KA1) / BMW R 1300 GS (알천삼백GS)
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-1300-gs/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-1300-gs/
- Aliases: 알천삼백GS, 알삼백, BMW GS 1300, 박서 GS, BMW R1300GS 0M21, R 1300 GS ASA
- Clutch & Oil Note: Because the boxer oil cooler circuit opens via thermostat only at full operating temperature, checking oil cold gives a false low reading and leads to severe overfilling! Check 5 minutes after a full hot ride (MIN-to-MAX delta is 0.75 L).
- Generation Cutoffs: Completely redesigned from the R 1250 GS (which took 4.0 L and filter `11427673541`): the R 1300 GS places the gearbox underneath the crankshaft, increasing oil capacity to **max 5.0 L with filter** and requiring the new `11425B70298` oil filter.

### Honda Super Cub C125 (JA58 / JA71) / 혼다 슈퍼커브 C125 (JA58)
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/honda-super-cub-c125/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/honda-super-cub-c125/
- Aliases: 혼다 C125, 슈퍼커브 125, 프리미엄 커브, Honda C125 ABS, Super Cub 125 JA58
- Clutch & Oil Note: Always fill with SAE 10W-30 JASO MA motorcycle oil (0.85 L with paper filter)—never JASO MB scooter oil.
- Generation Cutoffs: 2022+ Euro 5 (JA58) models gained a replaceable paper oil filter element (15412-MGS-D21) and NGK CPR7EA-9S plug, whereas 2018–2021 JA48 models had no cartridge filter.

### Royal Enfield Classic 350 / Meteor 350 (J-Series) / 로얄엔필드 클래식 350 (J-시리즈)
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/royal-enfield-classic-350/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/royal-enfield-classic-350/
- Aliases: 로얄엔필드 클래식350, 메테오 350 호환, 헌터 350 호환, 클삼오, Royal Enfield Classic 350 Reborn, J-Platform 349cc
- Clutch & Oil Note: Because this air/oil-cooled long-stroke single uses internal oil jets for piston cooling, thin 10W-30 oil causes valvetrain clatter—always use **SAE 15W-50 JASO MA2** (1.7 L service refill).
- Generation Cutoffs: 2022+ J-Series 350 models (shared across Classic 350, Meteor 350, Hunter 350, and Bullet 350) replaced the old pushrod UCE engine with a counterbalanced SOHC design. First break-in oil & valve check is due at **500 km (300 mi)**.

### Honda Rebel 500 (CMX500) / 혼다 레블 500 (CMX500)
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/honda-rebel-500/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/honda-rebel-500/
- Aliases: 혼다 레블500, 레블 오백, 입문 크루저, CL500 호환, Honda CMX500A Rebel, Rebel 500 SE
- Clutch & Oil Note: Because the tall-sidewall 16-inch fat bobber tires provide crucial secondary bump compliance for the short-travel rear shocks, Honda specifies **200 kPa (29 PSI) front AND 200 kPa (29 PSI) rear**—never overinflate to 36/42 PSI!
- Generation Cutoffs: From 2020+, the Rebel 500 gained an Assist & Slipper clutch, gear-position indicator, and LED lighting while keeping Honda’s bulletproof 471cc twin (shared with CL500 and NX500: 2.5 L / 2.7 L oil, HF204 filter).

### Ducati Scrambler Icon / Full Throttle (803cc) / 두카티 스크램블러 아이콘 800 (2세대)
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/ducati-scrambler-icon/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/ducati-scrambler-icon/
- Aliases: 두카티 스크램블러, 스크램블러 아이콘, 공랭 데스모 803, Ducati Scrambler 800 Next-Gen 2G, Scrambler Full Throttle
- Clutch & Oil Note: Rear cylinder heat in traffic demands full-synthetic **SAE 15W-50 JASO MA2** oil, and Ducati’s spin-on filter (`44440038A` / `HF153`) uses a dedicated M16×1.5 thread.
- Generation Cutoffs: Across Gen 1 (2015–2022) and Next-Gen 2G (2023+ with ride-by-wire, TFT, and 4 kg weight drop), the 803cc Desmodue L-Twin uses SAE 15W-50 full synthetic (~3.4 L with Ducati M16×1.5 filter `44440038A` / `HF153`).

### Kawasaki Z900RS / Z900RS SE (ZR900) / 가와사키 Z900RS / SE
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-z900rs/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-z900rs/
- Aliases: 가와사키 Z900RS, 제트구백알에스, 모던 클래식 4기통, Z1 오마주, Kawasaki ZR900C ZR900K, Z900RS Cafe SE
- Clutch & Oil Note: With a 3.8 L (4.0 US qt) filter-change refill, one 4-liter jug of full-synthetic SAE 10W-40 JASO MA2 covers the oil change cleanly with 200 ml to spare.
- Generation Cutoffs: Standard, Cafe, and Öhlins/Brembo SE variants all share the exact 948cc inline-four engine (3.3 L drain / 3.8 L with HF303 filter, four NGK CR9EIA-9 plugs). Note Asian-spec seats sit at 800 mm vs 835 mm on Euro/US seats.

### Honda Rebel 1100 / DCT / T (CMX1100) / 혼다 레블 1100 / DCT (CMX1100)
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/honda-rebel-1100/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/honda-rebel-1100/
- Aliases: 혼다 레블1100, 레블 천백, 레블 1100 DCT, 배거 레블 1100T, Honda CMX1100A CMX1100D, Rebel 1100T DCT
- Clutch & Oil Note: Both Manual and DCT models require SAE 10W-30 JASO MA oil, and the semi-dry-sump Unicam crankcase has **TWO 12mm oil drain bolts** underneath—remove both bolts for a complete drain!
- Generation Cutoffs: Derived from the Africa Twin 1,084cc Unicam engine: **Manual (CMX1100A) takes 4.0 L with spin-on filter**, while **DCT (CMX1100D) takes 4.2 L when replacing both the spin-on engine filter and internal DCT clutch element**.

### Triumph Bonneville T120 / Black (1200 HT) / 트라이엄프 본네빌 T120 / 블랙
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/triumph-bonneville-t120/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/triumph-bonneville-t120/
- Aliases: 트라이엄프 본네빌 T120, 본네빌 1200, 영국 클래식 바이크, Triumph T120 Black, Bonneville 1200 High Torque DU01 DU04
- Clutch & Oil Note: Delivering 105 N·m at just 3,500 rpm, the 1200cc High Torque twin puts substantial low-rpm load on rod bearings—run full-synthetic SAE 10W-40 or 10W-50 JASO MA2.
- Generation Cutoffs: 2021+ Euro 5 (DU04) models shed 7 kg via lighter wheel rims and switched from Nissin to Brembo front calipers with standard cruise control, while keeping identical 3.2 L / 3.4 L oil volume and T1218001 / HF204 filter.

### Harley-Davidson Sportster S (RH1250S Revolution Max) / 할리데이비슨 스포스터 S (RH1250S)
- KO URL: https://motospecslab.com/ko/bikes/harley-sportster-s/
- EN URL: https://motospecslab.com/en/bikes/harley-sportster-s/
- Aliases: 할리 스포스터S, 신형 수랭 스포스터, RH1250S, Harley-Davidson RH1250S, Sportster S 1250T
- Clutch & Oil Note: Check Revolution Max oil **HOT on the sidestand (Jiffy Stand)**—never upright on a paddock stand! Hydraulic lash adjusters eliminate routine valve-shim adjustments.
- Generation Cutoffs: Unlike classic air-cooled Evolution Sportsters with separate engine and primary chaincase fluids, the liquid-cooled Revolution Max 1250T is a unit-construction engine sharing **one 4.5 L sump** across engine, gearbox, and wet clutch.

## Engineering Guides
- **JASO MA2 vs JASO MB Explained — Why Wet-Clutch Scooters & DCT Bikes Slip on the Wrong Oil** (https://motospecslab.com/en/guides/jaso-ma2-vs-jaso-mb-clutch-physics/): Under the JASO T 903 4-stroke motorcycle oil standard, JASO MA and MA2 guarantee high wet-clutch friction engagement, whereas JASO MB formulates low-friction modifiers exclusively for dry-clutch CVT scooters (such as Honda PCX 125, Forza 350, and ADV 350). Pouring JASO MB or automotive "Resource Conserving" oil into wet-clutch automatic bikes like the Yamaha TMAX 560, Honda X-ADV 750 DCT, or Super Cub C125 glazes friction plates and causes severe clutch slippage.
- **Cold vs Hot Motorcycle Tire Pressure Physics — PSI, bar & kPa Rules for Every Bike Class** (https://motospecslab.com/en/guides/cold-vs-hot-motorcycle-tire-pressure-guide/): Every OEM motorcycle tire pressure placard (for example, 250 kPa / 2.50 bar / 36 PSI front and 290 kPa / 2.90 bar / 42 PSI rear on middleweight and liter road bikes) specifies COLD inflation—measured before riding when tires match ambient shade temperature (~20°C / 68°F). Highway carcass flexing naturally raises hot pressure by 3–5 PSI (20–35 kPa); bleeding air from a hot tire down to the cold placard leaves the tire dangerously underinflated once it cools.
- **How to Check Motorcycle Oil Without Overfilling — Dipstick, Sight Glass & Semi-Dry Sump Rules** (https://motospecslab.com/en/guides/oil-level-dipstick-vs-sight-glass-mistakes/): Motorcycle oil level procedures fall into four incompatible OEM standards: (1) Honda & Yamaha dipsticks (bike upright, dipstick resting UNTHREADED on filler neck), (2) Piaggio Vespa GTS 300 (bike upright, dipstick THREADED all the way in), (3) Crankcase sight glasses (bike held upright on level ground 3–5 minutes after warm shutdown), and (4) Harley-Davidson Sportster S (checked HOT resting on the sidestand). Mixing up methods routinely overfills sumps by 300–600 ml.
- **Aluminum Oil Pan Survival Guide — Drain Crush Washers, Wet Torque & Suzuki vs Honda Filter Threads** (https://motospecslab.com/en/guides/spin-on-oil-filter-thread-pitch-and-drain-torque/): Motorcycle cast-aluminum oil pans typically specify 20–43 N·m of drain-bolt torque using a fresh crush washer at every oil change, recognizing that oil-wet threads generate 20–30% higher clamping tension per N·m than dry threads. Equally critical, Suzuki spin-on oil filters (16510-07J00 / HF138, M20×1.0 pitch) and Honda/Yamaha/Kawasaki canisters (HF204 / HF303, M20×1.5 pitch) share identical outer diameters but incompatible thread pitches—cross-fitting strips the engine boss.
- **Why Seat Height Numbers Lie — Seat Arch Width, Dynamic Sag & Real-World Footing Math** (https://motospecslab.com/en/guides/seat-height-vs-seat-width-rider-footing/): Real-world motorcycle footing depends on **total crotch-to-ground arc length**, not static vertical seat height (mm) alone. Two hidden variables dominate: **Seat Arch Width** (wide under-seat scooter trunks or wide adventure frames splay thighs outward, eating 25–40 mm of inseam) and **Rider Sag** (long-travel dual-sport suspension compresses 50–70 mm under body weight). Consequently, a 780 mm Honda Forza 350 requires roughly the same leg reach as an 805 mm narrow-waisted Yamaha MT-07.
- **Tubeless vs Tube-Type Spoke Wheels — Why Plug Kits Fail on Popular Classic & ADV Bikes** (https://motospecslab.com/en/guides/tubeless-vs-tube-spoke-wheel-puncture-prep/): Even if a tire sidewall reads "Tubeless (On Tubeless Rim)", traditional center-laced wire-spoke wheels on the **Honda CT125, CRF300L, Yamaha Ténéré 700, Suzuki V-Strom 800DE, Triumph Bonneville T120, and spoke-trim Royal Enfield Classic 350** require inner tubes—meaning sticky rope plugs cannot seal a puncture! Only cast alloy wheels or perimeter-laced cross-spoke rims (**BMW R 1300 GS, Honda X-ADV 750**) are factory tubeless.
- **AGM vs LiFePO4 Motorcycle Batteries — Smart Key Parasitic Drain & Fatal Charger Mistakes** (https://motospecslab.com/en/guides/winter-battery-storage-agm-vs-lifepo4/): Modern motorcycles with Smart Key immobilizers and Bluetooth telemetry modules draw continuous parasitic current, draining compact 3.5–8.6 Ah batteries in 2–4 weeks of winter parking. While sealed AGM lead-acid batteries (YTZ8V, YTZ10S, YTZ14S) thrive on standard 12V smart maintainers, **LiFePO4 lithium batteries** (standard on BMW R 1300 GS and M-Package S 1000 RR) MUST NEVER be connected to lead-acid chargers with high-voltage (>15V) desulfation pulses.
- **Group Motorcycle Touring & GPX Guide — Fuel-Stop Math, T-CLOCS Inspection & Live Crew Navigation** (https://motospecslab.com/en/guides/group-riding-gpx-navigation-and-pre-tour-prep/): Safe, stress-free group motorcycle touring hinges on three engineering habits: (1) planning fuel stops around the **shortest-range tank in the pack** (with a 20% reserve margin, typically every 150–180 km), (2) completing cold tire pressure, oil, and chain inspections **the night before departure** rather than at the meetup point, and (3) syncing unified GPX routes with live rider telemetry and wind-noise-filtered voice comms via **MotoPing** so trailing riders never run red lights trying to catch up.

## Companion App: MotoPing (모토핑)
- Live motorcycle group GPS navigation up to 99 riders, wind-noise-reduced voice intercom, curated GPX routes, and 3D GPX Course Replay.
- Web: https://motoping.kr | iOS: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/motoping-motorcycle-gps-crew/id6760685813 | Android: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.campdal.motoping&hl=en